第二击:Alexander the Great
Life-time of Alexander
356BC,born in capital of Macedonia,Pella.The exact date is unknown,but probably either 20 or 26 July.
343-340BC,as the student of Aristotle
338BC,defected the Sacred Band of Thebes in Battle of Chaeronea.
336BC,acceded to the throne of Macedonia after Philip II was killed in his daughter's wedding.
334BC,led the army from Macedon and Greece to across the Dardanelles Strait.
333BC,inflicted the Darius III of Persia during the Battle of Issus.
332BC,overcame Tyre and reached Egypt.
326BC,crossed Indus River,started the Battle of Hydaspes.
325BC,arrived Indian Ocean,led the army toward west.
323BC 10th June,dead of an illness in Babylon.

Alexander's Parents
Alexander's father was King Philip II of Macedon,who put a great army together and crushed his foes.
He was born in Pella,became the youngest son of the king Amyntas III and Eurydice II.
Under his superb political leadership,the once fractious Greek city-states codified into a confederation.
He controlled everything and led the League of the Corinth for his own conquests.
Philip II was killed on the second day of his daughter's wedding,here is the detial ---‘In an attempt to make he was not look like he a petty tyrant,he dressed in a white robe.After placing his bodyguards far behind him,one stepped forward and slew the king with a dagger.The assailant was then descended upon immediately and slaughtered in a hail of javelins.’
After Philip's death,the army of Macedon proclaimed Alexander and as the new king of Macedon.
His mother Olympias was the princess of Epirus,the fourth wife of the King Philip II of Macedon.
Epirus (Ípiros)is the region that locate in the northwestern of the Greece,is one of the Peripheries of Greece.
She bore Philip a son and a daughter,and affect Alexander the most.
By the legend,she liked to sleep with a snake,and murdered Caranus(son of Philip) and Cleopatra(last wife of Philip) to let Alexander to earn the kingship.
After the death of Alexander,she continued to support her grandson Alexander,but failed to stop the Wars of the Diadochi.
Overview of Alexander the Great
Alexander was born on 356 B.C.in Pella,the ancient capital of Macedonia.
His tutor was Aristotle,who trained him in rhetoric and literature.
And also stimulated Alexander interested in science,medicine and philosophy.
These kinds of experiences let Alexander contained the foundation of a successful king.
His death is still shrouded in mystery to this day.It does seem hard to believe that a 33 year old man could die out of a day.
Some of defiant interest contain the theory that Alexander the Great may possibly have been gay.
Although he did have a wife and a son and it was likely that he slept with women.
The 1956 epic film showed his life more as an asexuality,who was being so busy that never had the time for women.
But Historian point that it is a misconception since it is generally accepted that he had a preference for men.
Unfortunately,he did not have many lovers and the ones he had never spoke about it.
Most of Alexander's life was either his boyhood when he was being tutored or his manhood when he was campaigning far from home.
He took control of almost the entire known world, so most of his people and troops believed he is the godlike and invincible.
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亚历山大的生平
西元前356年,出生於马其顿首都佩拉,明确日子不详,相信是在七月的二十或是二十六。
西元前343至340年,从师於亚里士多德。
西元前338年,与腓力二世在喀罗尼亚战役中,击败以底比斯「神圣兵团」为主要力量的希腊联军。
西元前336年,腓力二世在女儿的婚礼上遇害身亡,时年二十岁便继位为马其顿国王。
西元前334年,率马其顿与希腊联军渡过赫勒斯海峡(或作:达达尼尔海峡)。
西元前333年,於伊苏斯之战重创波斯王大流士三世。
西元前332年,沿东地中海海岸南进,攻克提尔,到达埃及。
西元前326年,渡过印度河,发动希达斯皮斯河战役。
西元前325年,沿印度河下航到达印度洋,向西进军。
西元前323年6月10日晚,病逝於巴比伦。

亚历山大的父母
亚历山大的父亲是马其顿国王腓力二世,他成功统一了马其顿王国,击败了多个仇敌,为亚历山大的统治打下稳健的基础。
他出家在佩拉,是为阿敏塔斯三世和欧里狄克二世所生下的第三子。
透过腓力强而有力的政治手腕,零散的希腊城邦开始组织为一个同盟体。
而他亦是一位独裁君主,将一切控制手中,以希腊联盟推行其征服世界的野心。
腓力二世在女儿婚礼的第二天被暗杀,史家对此作出丰富的描绘:
「话说腓力二世穿上一件白色的长袍,令他不会予人一个无能的独裁君主形象。正当他的护卫远离之际,有人便缓缓步向腓力并以短剑结束其东征西伐的一生。而刺客亦不能幸免,随即遭到枪阵的杀戮。」
腓力二世死后,马其顿军队便推举了亚历山大成为马其顿的新王。
亚历山大的父亲是奥林匹克,乃希腊西北方的城邦──伊庇鲁斯的公主。
她成为了腓力二世的第四个妻子后,为他生下了一子一女,亦是最影响亚历山大的人。
根据希腊传说,她爱与蛇同睡,又谋杀了腓力的儿子和最后的妻子,令亚历山大得以夺取王位。
在亚历山大死后,她继续支持自已的孙儿,但未能阻止亚历山大死后所引发的继业者战争。
综观亚历山大帝
亚历山大生於西元前三百五十六年的佩拉,即古马其顿的首都。
他从师於亚里士多德,并在他身上获得了道德丶政治以及文学的灌输,亦养成了科学,医术和哲学的兴趣。
他的死仍是个千古之谜,实在难以相信正值壮年的亚历山大会无故卒死。
也有一些大胆推论指出亚历山大帝为一名同性恋者,尽管他有妻有儿,亦有与女性同眠的迹象。
而在一九五六的一套史诗式电影中,就表示亚历山大是一个无性的人,繁忙得没法与女性共处。
史学家则指出这是一个错误的想法,皆因普遍已承认亚历山大是对男性有嗜好的。
但亚历山大的情人不多,亦没有任何史料能证实他的性取向。
历史对亚历山大的描述,多集中在亚历山大向亚里士多德求学的童年,以及其横扫欧洲的壮年的时期。
姑勿论他是一个怎样的人,可以肯定的是,他征服了其时欧洲视角的「已知世界」,使其臣民均相估他是无敌的天神降生。
时至今日,他亦被认定为史上最成功的军事家之一。
最后送上亚歷山大大帝征服过的地域:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wiki ... 0/MacedonEmpire.jpg
接下来会发亚历山大的病逝之地───古巴比伦的文明...
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本帖最后由 風月雲 于 2008-7-9 21:22 编辑 ]